THE HUMAN CYCLE

Sri Aurobindo

Contents

	I	THE CYCLE OF SOCIETY
	II	THE AGE OF INDIVIDUALISM AND REASON
	III	THE COMING OF THE SUBJECTIVE AGE
	IV	THE DISCOVERY OF THE NATION-SOUL
	V	TRUE AND FALSE SUBJECTIVISM
	VI	THE OBJECTIVE AND SUBJECTIVE VIEWS OF LIFE
	VII	THE IDEAL LAW OF SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
	VIII	CIVILISATION AND BARBARISM
	IX	CIVILISATION AND CULTURE
	X	AESTHETIC AND ETHICAL CULTURE
	XI	THE REASON AS GOVERNOR OF LIFE
	XII	THE OFFICE AND LIMITATIONS OF THE REASON
	XIII	REASON AND RELIGION
	XIV	THE SUPRARATIONAL BEAUTY .
	XV	THE SUPRARATIONAL GOOD .
	XVI	THE SUPRARATIONAL ULTIMATE OF LIFE
	XVII.	RELIGION AS THE LAW OF LIFE
	XVIII	THE INFRARATIONAL AGE OF THE CYCLE
	XIX	THE CURVE OF THE RATIONAL AGE
	XX	THE END OF THE CURVE OF REASON
	XXI	THE SPIRITUAL AIM AND LIFE
	XXII	THE NECESSITY OF THE SPIRITUAL TRANSFORMATION
	XXIII	THE CONDITIONS FOR THE COMING OF A SPIRITUAL AGE
	XXIV	THE ADVENT AND PROGRESS OF THE SPIRITUAL AGE
	XXV	INDEX

INDEX

Absolute, the
as contributing value to all things, 162
as the end of religious seeking, 144
behind every movement of life, 122 in German subjectivism, 52
of beauty, 160.—(also see God)
Abyssinia, 57 f
Aesthetics, 132
Africans, 55, 57
America, Latins of, 55
American poet, 243
Anabaptist, 17
Ananda, the essential principle of delight, no, 152-153, l66
Anarchism:
as a rational principle of society, 216, 226
as opposed to communism, 243-244
ignores the infrarational in man, 244
its realisation in spiritualised society, 288
 philosophical, 23
spiritual, as nearer to the real solution, 245
the ideal of intellectual, 242
vitalistic, 60
Anarchistic thought:
as subversive of socialistic order, 236-237
denies the social principle, 241
exaggerates egoism, 240
Arabs, 83
Arnold, 101
Art:
appreciation of, overpassing reason
as appears from the history of its criticism, 157
as the index of growing subjectivism, 32
classical and romantic, expressing the individual
and the universal soul, 154
creation of, by inner discrimination, 155
degeneration of classical, 154
in the age of reason, as intellectual criticism of life, 153;
 misses its true aim, 153
reason in creative, 151
the value of, as a power for inner truth, 163

the highest, unseals the door of the Spirit, 256
Artha, vital interests, 182
Asia: see East
Asramas, 23
Asiatics, 55, 57
Asura, Titanic force, 34, 45
Atheism, 19, 256
Athens, the culture of ancient, 101 Periclean, as a type of aesthetic culture, 105, 107;—its insufficiency, 108,109
short-lived dawn of rational age in, 210
Avatar, Spirit descending into man, 57, 8o, 258, 268, 300
Barbarism, as distinguished from civilisation, 93-94, 100
economic, 86
passing away of, 81
submerged Hellenistic civilisation, 82
Basuto, 94
Beauty:
Divine as, 103, l60
highest appreciation of artistic, 155
in Hellenistic civilisation, 103
innate worship of, 92
place of reason in creation and appreciation of, 151
seeking the Absolute through, 159
the seeking for, in creative arts, 151
truth of, in the soul of art, 153
Beethoven, 44
Being:
aesthetic, 92, 160;—and reason, 151
collective, 232
conflict between the parts of, 103, 109-110
eternal, 187
ethical, 92, 100;—as a reflection of the Divine, 164;—determined by its relations with God, 166;—and reason, 164-166;—grows by inner imperative through social relations, 167
intellectual, 92
mental, 79;—complexity of the, 9091;—self exceeding, the task of, 80
the Supreme, 51, 144
the true, 250

Page - 301

the universal, 65, 72

three powers of, 141

vital, 86;—and reason, 183;—infrarational,

suprarational stages of, 183;—its instinct of association, 178

Bengal, as a sub-nation, 41

Swadeshism in, 41

Bergson, 24

Bhrigu, the son of Varuna, 278

Bismarck, 43

Bohemian society, 105

Brahma, the Eternal, 282-283

the body of, Symbol of divine expression in human society, 8

Brahmanas, 6

Brahmins, 8, 139

the ideal of, in typal age, 10

Bruno, Giordano, 196

Buddhi, intelligent will, 92, 260

Buddhism, 181

Buddhistic Centuries, the recoil from life in, 181

Buddhists, 195

Bushman, 72

Capitalism, 223

Caste:

and Vedic Caturvarna, 7;—in modem language, 9

its rigidity in conventional age, 12

Catholic monasticism, 13

China, 57 f, 42, 211

Christianity, 40

anti-intellectual, 83

blood-stained track of formal, 195

Judaic and European, 103

Christians, persecution of early, 195

Church, 16, 19, 40, 73, 252

Civilisation, and barbarism, 95, 100

as popularly understood, 93 in infrarational society, 206

modern, 98

neglecting the Soul, 250

nineteenth-century European, 101

of primitive races, 94

past threat from barbarism, 83

radical defect of human, 249

subjective turn in modern, 48

the curve of its wheel, a sign of great promise, 273

Collectivism, based on the higher value of the group, 61

ideal of human, 61

its defect, ignores man's complex nature and his need for freedom, 234

justification of, 232

necessary stage in social progress, 243

source or its strength, 52

Collectivist idea: growth of, 178;—its fallacies, 225

Communal consciousness in new nations, 41

Communism, 225

Bolshevic, 56 f

free, cooperative, 243

Russian, 22, 225;—in idea and practice, 228

Community, a living organism, 48

a manifestation of the Cosmic Spirit, 37, 76

and the individual, 75

its self-affirmation and need of mutual interchange, 76

the middle term between the individual and humanity, 75

Constantine, 195

Conventional age, 10

gulf between form and spirit in, 13

intuitive thinking in, 216

its golden period, 12

obstacles to rediscovering the truths of, 27

petrification of truths in, 15

rigidity of systems in, 11

symbolic mentalisation of life in, 222

Cubist, 85

Culture, aesthetic, as in Periclean Athens, 103;—its insufficiency, 108

and conduct, 102

as the pursuit of mental life, 90, 102

danger from imperfect generalisation of, 82

democratisation of, 97;—its hopeful indications, 99;—its results, 98 ethical, as in Rome and Sparta,

105;—its limitations, 106

German view of, 54

Latinistic, 175

of the conventionally civilised, 95

old Indian theory of, 139

Scientific ages of instrumental, 206

Page - 302

Darwinian struggle for life, 174

Daemon, the inner, 273

Deism, 148

Democracy, individualistic, 215, 218

its undesirable results, 220

social, 223;—its illogicality, 225;—

its failure in North Europe, 228

Dharma, the natural law, 10, 22, 139, l82, 199, 221, 240, 250

Djinn, of the war, 34

Dictator, 235 f

Divine, see God

Divinity, Apollonian, Dionysiac and Olympian, 260

Duce, 235 f

Dux, 229

Dwapara Yuga, 139

East [Asia]

chained the spirit in a religious cult, 272

contact with the West of the, 16, 24;—

awakens new subjectivism, 24-26;—

changes the values of life, 28

decline of ancient culture in the, 250

gulf between life and the spirit in the, 268

life in ancient, 176

more subjective, 39, 41, 296

pre-eminence of religion in the, 192, 193

spiritual philosophy in the, 18, 145

Eclecticism, 131

Education, growing subjectivism in, 34, 48

spread of, 82, 84

universal, as a panacea,

its shortcoming and benefits, 221, 222

Ego, not the self, 49, 52

communal, 49;—in international relations, 56;—

scientific basis of, 60 freedom from, as the

characteristic of spiritual society, 284

its affirmation and enlargement,

the dual process of life-nature, 186

its need for enlargement, 189 transcendence of, 269

Egypt, 57f

England, family ideal in, 179

Puritan, 105, 196

Englishman, 74

Equality, individualistic in origin, 226

in social democracy, 226

in spiritual society, 291

squeezed out in state communism, 226

the principle of socialism, 223

Ethics, as an element of culture, 102

as an attempt to grow into Divine Nature, 169

as systematisation of infrarational impulse, 168

hedonistic, 164, 165

sociological theory of, 164, 166

utilitarian, 164

Evolution, aim of, 69-70, 138

as a Divine progression, 300

as determining man's nature, 80

by self-exceeding, 81

culmination of terrestrial, 246

ethical, 167

of life and soul, 187

of man, by stages, 89;—a crisis, 112

social, based on liberty and fraternity, 245;—psychological stages of, 206

spiritual, 140;—a slow process, 204;

—self-finding, its secret, 138

through freedom and harmony, 71

through individual unicity, 69

Existence, as the Reality, 68

of individual man, 69

universal, 65

Fascism, 22, 26f, 56 f, 225 f

Fascist countries, vital subjectivism in, 229

Fascist party, 229

Fichte, 43

Fiji islander, civilisation of, 94

Fraternity, as the social basis in communism, 227

spiritual, as the foundation for perfect social evolution, 245

France, subjective trends in prewar, 31

Freedom; See Liberty

and harmony, the essential principles of progress, 71

Frenchman, 74

French Revolution, 3

Fuhrer, 229, 235 f

Galileo, 196

Genius, as creator of beauty, 152

Germany:

Page - 303

awakening of nobler ideas in, 266

bridge between idea and fact in, 44

metropolis of rationalism, 4

Nazi, 22 f

prewar subjective trends in, 31

psychological theory of history in, 4

German denial of individual liberty, 26 f, nation, 42

subjectivism, 42, 49;—

fulfilment of the collective ego, 52, 6I;—

its corollaries, cult of the State, 52; —militarism, 53;

domination of the Nordic race, 54;—its

many-sided achievement, 43;—mistake of, 45, 51;—

its strength, extension of scientific generalisation,57;—

objective, 58;—origin of the error, 58

Gita, 258 f

God, as guide, 201

as Power, 184

as the highest self, 161

as Truth, Good and Beauty, 160, 170, 172

conceptions of, 196, 197

denial of, 17, 199, 254

expression of, as the law for man, 77

fulfilment of, 185, 254

Kingdom of, 138, 181,l82, 204, 267, 272, 284, 285, 290, 291

priest as His mediator, 19

purity of, 170

realisation of, 67, 70, 283

relations with, 167, 184

secret, 67, 70, 74, 77, 78, 134, 192, 286, 289, 300

seeking for 144-146, 153, 159, i6i, 163, 172, 258, 297

sense of, 134

symbol of, in society, 5, 9

universal, 49

Goethe, 43, 289

Goliath, 97

Good, absolute, 169

and utility, 165

as principle and standard, 165

attainable by inner (not outer) efforts, 169

eternal laws of, 167

the cult of, 170

Goth, 95

Graeco-Roman civilisation, 82

debt of Europe to, 19

imperfect generalisation of culture in, 82

in sufficiency of, 106

swamped by barbarism, 82

Greece, influence of, in Republican Rome, 107

Greek civilisation, beginnings of, 209 ideal of life in, 137, 176 in the age of sophists, 209, 211

Group-body, 275

Group-self, 64

Group-soul, 234

nation as a, 286

Harmony, constant seeking for new, 128

in spiritualised society, 204

Hebraism, 19, 103

Hegel, 43

Hellas, 109

Hellenic (ideal), 82, 136;—(also see Greece)

Herreros, 55

Hindu, 12

Hinduism, 195

History, objective study of, 3, 39;— of religion, 40

of art criticism, 157

psychological theory of, 23

scientific, 39 Hitler, 98

Hun,95

Idea(s):

and life, 120

as distorting reason, 117;—higher truths as master, 126

conflict in their intellectual forms, 126

Ideal(s), absolute, as the mark of suprarational in life, 183

of family, 178

of harmonious development in subjective age, 78, 138

of life in ancient India, 182

of progress, 136

of religion in the East and the West, 197

necessity for, 73, 121

spiritual, 246;—need to be lived, 292

Idealist, the, and the empiric, 121

Illusionism, 181

Imperialism, 61

Page - 304

Inconscient, an effective mask, 188

as the basis of evolution, 187

the first formulation of consciousness, 183

India, ancient classical, culture of, 101, 139

Aryan, dawn of rationality in, 210

attempts to rediscover truth behind conventions, 28

caste in, 11

general spiritual seeking in the age of the Upanishads, 209-211

gulf between religion and the Spirit in, 13

ideal of relation between man and woman in, 6;—

of family in, 179; —of life in, 182;—of marriage in, 6

mysticism in prehistoric, 210

political repression in, 57

postwar self-determination in, 42

subjectivism in, 41

tolerance in, 201

Indian, the, 74

Indian society:

in the Vedic age, 6

new version of the order, 22

spirituality, the aim and principle of, 173

Individual, as a soul, a self-developing spirit, 25, 37, 49

complementary to the world, 29

freedom, a condition of progression, 71;—

to grow from within, 73

growing unicity of, 69

in spiritual society, 276;—pioneers, 295;—

to take up all human life, 297

man, destiny of the, 70, 72;—duty of society to, 71;—

belonging to but exceeding his group, 74;—.

to grow in harmony with others, 77

position of the, in Germany, 52;— in other states, 56 f;—

in collectivist states, 233;—in socialism, 223

right to full life, 25

truths essential to his self-discovery, 49;—

ego not the self, 50;—solidarity of all his kind, 50 .

Individualism, as the rational principle of society, 216

contact with conventionalism of the East, 24

extreme tendencies of, 176

Individualistic age, an attempt to recover truth, 15, 29

begins in a revolt of reason against convention, 17;—in religion, 18; —and in politics, 18

in the West and the East, 15, 29

its principle, balanced liberty for all individuals, 59

justification of, 13, 27, 28

menaced by collectivism, 22;—and by subjective trends from the East, 25;—supported by suprarational truths, 24

physical science in, 21

Industrialism, 223

Inquisition, 195

Intellect, and instinct, 114

and intuition, 64

disinterested and subservient workings of, 129

functions of, as guide and legislator, 125;—its double action of affirmation and doubt, 12.5, 126; —its limit, the gates of the Spirit, 124

Intelligence, higher elements of, 92

higher opening of, 126

in cosmic working, 188

International law, 60

Intuition, 24, 64, 92

Intuitionalism, 32

in art, 32

Ireland, 41, 42, 57 f

Isis, 195

Islam, 40

Italy, of Renaissance, 101

Fascist, 22

Jain, 195

Janmabhūmi, motherland, 38

Japanese, the, 42, 74

Judeo-Christian, 20, 103

Kaiser Wilhelm II, 43

Kali Yuga, the age in which man collapses towards animality, 139, 140

Kama, satisfaction of desires, 182

Kant, 43, 167

Karma, 58

King, the need for, 22;—reasserted in dictatorship, 235 f

the inner, 258

Page - 305

Krita Yuga, the age of perfected truth, 13 f, 139

Kshatriyas, 8, 10, 139, 185

Kula,— Kuladharma, 179

Labour Soviet, 288

Lamprecht and his stages of social development, 4

Latins, of America and Europe, 55

Law, objective and subjective view of, 63

of perfect individuality and reciprocity, 77;—

as the ideal, 78;—in subjective age, 78

replacement of outer by inner, 142

Lenin, 98

Liberty, a divine instinct, 73

as a principle of progress, 71, 236

as the law of a spiritual society, 255, 283

as the principle of individualism, 59;—

of democracy, 215;—state protected, 225;—

denied by socialism, 224

inner or spiritual, 245, 286;—by subjection to the Divine, 287

of all parts of the being respected by spirituality,

as in ancient India, 201

of our natural members respected by God, 287

Life, Absolute as the basis of, 122

ancient view of, 176

as infrarational below and suprarational

above the rational, 134, l4l

as the field of mind, 84

as the great Eternal, 282

characteristic of, 86

conduct of, a balance between life-force

and mental will, 259

fullness of, as the object of man, 90

growing individual variation in, 69

gulf between the spirit and, 253

interpreted in conventional age by symbols, 216;—

in rational age, by ideas, 217

its ultimate, spiritual, 190;—suprarational, 191;—

inadequacy of religion as the harmonising principle, 192,

man's need for a rule of, 111

man's apparent normal, 172;—and collective, 178;—as in modern

European society, 175;—individualistic, 177;—its object self-assertion and expansion, 174;—its principle vital necessity and utility of, 173;—its result, 153;—recoil of the higher parts of being from, 18o;—vitalistic view of, 176 mechanisation of, in socialism, 237;

—offends its principle of progress, 238

not entirely rational, 134, 265;—

makes reason its instrument, 266 objective and subjective view of, 63 secret of, the search for hidden Divinity, 161, 172;—in practical life, 163;—in religion and art, 162

sovereignty over reason of, 114, 115

spiritual change of the whole, 296, 297

struggle its root nature, 60;—and association its higher value, 61

the first, infrarational stage of, 182; —marks of ascent to the suprarational stage, 183

truth of, as based on spiritual experience, 187;—explains the present curve of ignorant self-formulation, 189;—the slow and difficult evolution of the ultimate reality involved in inconscient, 188

Life-dynamism, 182

Life-force, 185, 259

Life-mind, 238

Life-nature, 186, 191

Life-power, 174, 177, 279

Life-purusha, 257

Life-soul, 32, 65

London of Restoration, 105

Londoner, 96

Mahabharata, 242

Man, ages of his development in Indian theory, 139

aims at the fullness of life, 91

as a demi-god, 261;—his failure to transform nature, 262

as a self-developing soul, 35, 138, 253;—its fulfilment, the spiritual aim in society, 253, 258

as the thinker mastering material forces, 84;—dogma of the fall of, 234

Page - 306

evolution of, 79, 89;—through self-exceeding, 80, 91

Godhead of man, the only creed in spiritual society, 254

highest hope of, 89, 300

his power of individuality, 69;—for conscious evolution, 274

his power of self-knowledge, 70

his spiritual destiny and place in nature, 68

his irrationality due to bondage of preconceptions, 116;—

and systems of ideas, 117

nature of the average, sensational, 95;—awakened to

mental activity, 97

sattwic, 244

the individual and collective, 74, 79

Mankind, as the self-expression of the

universal Being, with one nature, one destiny, 72

Manomaya Purusha, mental being, 112

Manu, the mental being, 79

Marriage hymn of Rig Veda, 6

Marxist system of society, 229

Materialism, of science, 85, 86

Materialistic age, 265

Matter, all sufficiency doubted, 4

as the basic subject of study, 265

as the basis of evolution, 265

as the Eternal, 282

as the field of mind, 84

as the matrix of life, 174

uniformity of, 69

Mazzini, 109

Middle Ages, 199, 206

Mind, as the great Eternal, 278, 282

as ordering Matter and Life for higher synthesis, 89

communal, infrarational, 235;—and individual, 274, 275

elements of our, 90

intuitive, 149

materialistic explanation of, 3, 265

not the archangel of transformation, 266

vital, 117 f

Mithra, 195

Mlechchas, barbarians, 94

Moksha, liberation, 182

Mosaic law, 103

Mussolini, 98

Nation, almost a spiritual Being in Bengal, 41

as a living organism, 48;—in solidarity with others, 50

indications of subjectivism in, 35

individual and, 79

soul of, 37;—the same as the individual, 38

the League of, 56 f, 60 f

Nature, as the occasion for developing man's potentiality, 70

as the instrument of the Spirit, 275

as understood by mind, 262

back to, 250, 260, 262

beauty in, 159

cannot rest in the vital order of life, 264

evolution by, 89

extends below and above reason and ethics, 167

higher progression of, 211

inadequacy of reason to deal with higher forces of, 120

infrarational, 246, 275

laws of, as the source of truth, 21

liberty in unity, its possible intention in collectivism, 214, 264, 274

man's place in the cycles of, 68

objective view of, 39

one universal force of, 65

refuses support to a failing civilisation, 249

self-consciousness in, 112

spiritual change in subconscient, 283, 298

subjective purpose of, 91, 122

Nazi, 22 f

state, the lesson of its collapse, 43

Nietzche, 24, 44, 6o, 260, 267

titanic egoism of, 289

Nigraha, repressive contraction of the nature, 254

Nordic race, 55 f

Nri and Gna, the male and female divine principles in the cosmos, 7

Objectivism, in social and religious history, 38, 40

its eternal view of laws, society and life, 62

Odin, 58

Old Testament, 103

Oligarchy, the outcome of proletariat rise to power, 26 f

Page - 307

Over-soul, the master of evolution, 80

Paganism, 195

Paris, 105

Pascal, 149

Perfection, abnormality as a call to, 261

of spiritual life, 271

original, 241

the heart of human progress, 136

Persia, 42, 211

Phidias, 108

Philistine, 95, 97, 99

society, 101

Philistinism, 105

British domestic, 179

Philosophy, 86, 119, 121, 131, 255

idealistic, 131

reason supports any school of, 132

spiritual, 144

subjectivism in, 277

Plato, and his Republic, 107

Plutocracy, as the result of democracy,220

Pope, authority of, 16, 196

Pralaya, the end of the world, 199

Progress, age of, 13, 214

assured by intelligence, 126;—by

self-illumination and self-harmonising, 127

as the new principle of survival, 251

freedom and harmony as the conditions of, 71

ideal of, 136

necessity of continuous, 194

of reason as a social renovator, 214;

—its stages, 216

Proletariat, in Hellenistic civilisation, 83;—

light from Christianity to, 83;—

rise to power, 235 f-—totalitarianism, 228

Prometheus, 114

Prophets, 103

Public, reading, 97

its culture, 97;—as precipitating the modern age, 98

Pundit, 11, 17

Puritans, 196

Puritanism, Calvinistic, 19

Purusha and Prakriti, male and female

divine principles in the cosmos, 7

cosmic, society an expression of the, 8

Purusha Sukta, 6

Race type, 84

Races, exploitation of inferior, 57

Rakshasic, character of the war, 34

Rationalist:

faith in his own and in collective reason, 132;—erroneous, but necessary for enlightenment and progress, 133, 134

Reason, age of, 13

analytical, 62

an instrument of the Spirit, 124

an intermediate power of being, 140, 150, 170, 239, 244, 262, 264

artistic creation in, 153

as creator of our aesthetic conscience, 151;—within restricted bounds, 152;—in appreciating art, 156—and beauty, 159

as initiating conscious evolution, 111 ;—a crisis in terrestrial evolution, 112

as man's highest accomplished range, 92, 111

as stranger to religious life, 141 dawn of, in Greece, 210

drawing to a close, 24

ethical impulse systematises, 168 ethical life irreducible to a matter of, 164

faith in, 119, 132;—losing ground, for failure to reach below the surface, 119;—or to seize the Absolute behind life, 122, 133 intellectual, as a disinterested means of knowledge, 113;—man's sovereign power, 114, 116;—distorted by interest and utility, 115, 118

in infrarational stage of society, 207 in search of a social principle, 214; —in a series of constant progression, 215

its inherent limitations, 120, 141;—in ordering life, 115, i2o, 237 its limit the recognition of the soul, 30, 134

its sovereignty challenged by religion and life, 114

likely abrupt cessation of, under totalitarian pressure, 229

may transcend itself by the spirit, 148

Page - 308

normal evolution of, 230

rejects the Divine origin of right, 167

religious life, incomprehensible by, 141;—

explanation and purification, its role and part, 145, 146

servant and minister of life, 120, 13l;—

and of obscure forces it studies, 131

social, of, 226;—its evolution out of the infrarational, 244

universal application of, 218, 236; —impracticable, 219

Reality, existence as, 68

secret, 8, 46, 69, 136, 187, 188

seeking for, 161, 162, 278

self-fulfilment of, 254, 289

Red Indian, 94

Reformation, 19, 109, 147, 199

Religion, as the directing light of life, 192;

-in proportion to its spirituality, 201

challenges the supremacy of reason, 115

claim to impose universal order of any one, 294;—

contrary to the truth of the Spirit, 295

comparative science of, 144

credal and true, 197

crimes and errors of credal, 131, 195;—

as the root of its inability to guide society, 195

exceed the limits of reason, 141

history shows how the Spirit recedes from, 13

in early society, 68

in symbolic age, 59

individualistic revolt against, 16

infrarational impurities in, 147

intuitive reason in, 148

its value as a power for inner truth, 163

modern indictment of, 193

new, the result of access of Spirituality, 294

other worldliness, a mistake of, 198

rational, 143, 147, 148

search for God as the essence of, 144

subjective, 293;—its aim, 294

western recoil from, 199

Religionism, 197

Religious development by illumination, 148

experience, logical explanation of, 145

Renascence, 19, 83, 109, 193, 199

Rig Veda, 6

Right, eternal laws of, 167

infrarational instinct of, 168

the worship of, 92

Rishi, the spiritual man, 200

Rome, civic spirit in, 227

Greek influence in, 107

Imperial, 109

Republican, ethical culture of, 105; —its limitations, 106

Rousseau, 3

Russia, communist, 22 f

Marxist gospel in, 229

Revolution in, 97

subjectivism in art, music and literature in, 32

Russian ideal of stateless communism, 244

Sannyasa, 22

Sattwic man, of Indian philosophy, 244

Satya Yuga, the age of perfected truth, I2, I39

Savage, perhaps a reversion to primitiveness, 208

Science, an objective study, 62

an insurgence of reason, 109

as perpetuating culture, 83;—by its essential intellectuality, 84

as the panacea for ills of civilisation, 250

as widening culture even by negating philosophy, 37

as world knowledge, 30

at the service of war, 34;—of both good and evil, 131

encourages objective study of mind and soul, 3;—vital egoism and collectivism, 60

fosters economic barbarism, 86

in individualistic age, 16, 20

its achievement, limited to superficial process, 119

its ages of instrumental culture, 206

its universal laws, 22;—lead to collectivism, 22

misapplication of its physical logic to metaphysical reasoning, 52, 58

knows the past evolution of man, 68

Page - 309

occult powers higher than those o£, 280

overpassed by a higher order of knowledge, 23, 92

tyranny of its system, 121

views life as struggle and association, 60, 61

views nature as one universal force, 65

Scripture, 19, 21

Self, as the true individuality, 58, 79

its identification with body, 81;—

with life, 86;—with mind, 82

real and apparent, 48

search for, 66, 161.

the secret godhead, 66, 71

universal, 65

Self-assertion, individualistic and collective, 174

Self-consciousness, as the impulse of subjectivism, 63

individual and collective, 36, 64

Self-development as the law of life, 37

Self-discovery of man, crucial to

evolution of the soul in nature, 112

Self-finding, the motive in national life, 42.

Self-knowledge, 47, 50

Self-realisation, the sense of social and individual

development, 72, 79

Shastra, scripture, 12, 23, 72, 157

Shastrakara, 22

Shaiva, 195

Shudra, 8, lo, 139

Sikh, 23

Social development, based on spiritual liberty

and fraternity, 245

stages of, 5;—conventional age of, lo;—

individualistic age of, 15;— symbolic age of, 5;—

typal age of, 8

Social order, in Vedic times, 9

in Indian theory, 139 Socialism, as a rational

principle of society, 216

as the revolt against capitalism, 223; —

squeezes out the democratic principles, 224

democratic, 225

drift to communism, 224;—and to

totalitarianism, 228

inevitable in the age of science, 20 its

trend toward a new age of conventions, 21;—on Indian lines, 22

Marxist, a gospel in Russia, 229 materialistic in character, 180 suppresses the individual, 56 f

Socialistic bureaucracy, 288 state, 132

Society and the individual, 50, 64, 75 spiritual change in both, 275 under collectivism, in theory, 233; —in practice, 234

under socialism, 223

Society, as a collective soul, 293

as a living organism, 48

as the field for human perfection, 71, 242

God-seeking not the conscious aim of modern, 176

its aim: realising God, freedom, unity, 283;—living in the spirit in, 284

its condition, mass opening to spiritual light, 276

its ideal, vitalistic in modem Europe, 175;—higher in ancient times, 176

modern search for a rational principle of, 214;—its radical progressions, 216

normal human, its origin and development, 248;—its decay, 249; —its radical defect ignoring the soul of man, 250, 252 objective view of, 38

position of the individual in, 104, 285

sociology in, 285

spiritual aim in, 253;—its creed the godhead of man, 254;—liberty its law, 255;—inner theocracy its fulfilment, 258 spiritualised, harmony in, 204

typal spiritualised, 138;—appropriate to the intermediate ages, 140

Socinian, 19

Socrates, 195

Sophocles, 196

Soul, a part of the Universal Divine, 49

as the sovereign with reason as it instrument, 116

collective, 293

ignored in collectivism, 234

individual, 25, 70

its evolution in nature, 112, 188

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man as a self-developing, 35 the real truth in man, 251

Spain, 57 f

Sparta, ethical culture in, 105;—its poverty, 106, 107

civic sense in, 228

Spirit, as the great eternal, 283

as unity, 288

cosmic, 37, 187

directing man's development, 124, 128

in intuitionalism, 32

inconscient, a mask of the, 188

individual as a self-manifesting, 37, 274

involution of, 187

perfection of the, 272

reason as a minister of the veiled, 150

reign of the, 267;—in life, 268

self-fulfilment of the, 254

transmuting reason, 148

universal, 67

Spirituality, as the directing light of life, 201, 203

creative, a power, 293

elements of, in infrarational society, 206

in symbolic age, 9

new form of, in the East, 24

respecting liberty, 201

the source of new religions, 294

Spiritual age of man, 283

new upward line of evolution in, 289

society in, 285

Spiritualised humanity, the need of the race, 296

as a beneficial hierarchy, 298

Spiritual change, comprehending all life, 296

a slow process, 281

conditions of, 275

first signs of, 276

of the community, 280

resulting from inner compulsion, 288

the supreme effort of the individual and race, 298

Sraddha, inner faith, 253

State, collectivist, 225;—and democratic principles, 22,5, 227

cult of the, 53;—partially accepted after the war, 56

determination of life by, 22

in spiritualised society, 285

mechanism of, run by a few individuals, 52

suppresses all life, 235

cannot cut man into a perfect pattern, 48 f

totalitarian, 48 f;—in relation to individuals, 52;—to other states, 54

Stoic system, 108

Stone age, 206

Stylites pillar, 289

Subjective age, attempts to find the soul in man, 138

harmonious development of individual and society in, 78

importance of, 68

leading to spiritual evolution, 203, 204

promise of, 24

significance and danger of, 47

Subjective, idealism and materialism, 66

individualism, collectivism and Universalism, 64-65

knowledge, the need for, 30

Subjectivism, as a step towards self-knowledge, 3r, 35, 47, 50, 129, 251

in individuals, 35;—nascent in nations, 35

in communal mentality, 39;—even in religion, 40

coming to surface, 41;—in Ireland and India, 41;—stronger in new nations, 41

errors of, 49

in child education, 34, 48

in dealing with criminals, 48

in general view of society, 48

in Germany, 42;—objective, 58

indication of a general change in

humanity, 42

its origin, in Europe, 31;—in art, music and literature, 31;—in practical life, 36

self-discovery, the goal of, 66

self, the sole impulse of, 50, 63 vital, in fascist countries, 229

Superman, 206

and normal humanity, 261

growth to, through spiritual power, 273

Nietzche's idea of, 260

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the spirit as the poise of, 261
Surya, daughter of the sun, 6
Swabhava, the nature of the thing, 155
Swadharma, the essential law, 256, 263

Swarupa, the inner body, 155
Symbols, in primitive society, 5 in the Vedas, 9
Symbolic age, 8, 47

and spiritual age, 289
Systems, failure of, 118, 121, 250

Tantrik Sankhya religion, 6
Tagore, 97

Tapas, the essential principle or energy, 110, 110 f, 181
Teutonic barbarism submerging Hellenic civilisation, 83

lapse, 42

nations, 109

race, 52, 55 57, 175
Theology in the West, 145
Time-spirit, 27, 42, 229
Titans, 88, 266
Titanism, 279
Totalitarian morality, 54

mysticism, 66, 229
Transformation of Nature, 257, 293

failure of the mind to effect, 264

possible only by the spirit, 267

the secret of, 268
Treitschke, 44
Treta Yuga, 139
Truth as the secret of life, 86

higher, 92

of the self, 47, 64

the highest, 161
Truth-consciousness, 278
Turcoman, 95
Type,

as the basis of harmony, 128

variations in, 69
Typal age, 9, 47

social ideals formed in, 10

Unity, in spiritual human society,

283, 288
Universalism, 61
Upanishads, 6, l88, 209, 278

Vaishnava, 23, 195
Vaishya, 7, 10, 139, 179

Values of life, figured out by reality, 68;—transformation of, 238

need to change, 262

precedence of group, 61

rational change in, 28
Vandal, 95

Vedas, 6, 7, i88, 299
Vedic age, cultural edication in, 284

style, 8

subjectivity of art in, 285

symbolic mentality in, 6
Vishnu, the aspects of, 284, 139 f
Vitalism, in the nineteenth Century, 31
Voltaire, 3

Wagner, 44

War, a contused struggle between intellectual and vitalistic forces, 33 cleared obstacles to progress, 34 determining national self-finding, 42

result of vital egoism, 45

subjective trends before the, 32
West, the (Europe)

atheism in, 19

change of values in, 29

culture of, 83;—its debt to Greece, 19

end of ancient cultures in, 250

golden age in, 12

individualistic age in, 16

life in, 175, 296

objective view of society in, 39

recognition of the individual in, 26

religion in, 193

search for truth in, 21

subjectivism in, 42

theology in, 145

vital success of, 24, 267
Whitman, 97
Will, in life, 1x5, 122, 263, 267

individual and universal, 71, 269

to be, 24, 63, 66

to be spiritualised, 69, 288

to know, 49

to live, 33

to power, 33

upward transference of, 270

Yajna, sacrifice, 284
Yoga, the art of conscious self-finding, 44

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